The Pope's decision, published by the Vatican Aug. 6, sets aside instructions issued by St. John Paul II in 2003 and Pope Benedict XVI in 2006 entrusting the pastoral care of all Catholics of any rite to the Latin-rite apostolic vicars.

The majority of Catholics in the countries on the peninsula – Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen – are foreign workers and most of them are Latin-rite Catholics. But almost all of the Catholic rites are present.

Given "the historic prerogative of the jurisdiction of the Eastern Catholic patriarchs over the Arabian Peninsula" and in response to their request "in view of the greater spiritual good of their faithful," the Vatican said, Pope Francis set aside the previous restrictions, although the patriarchs are asked to coordinate with the apostolic vicars and can establish new territorial jurisdictions only with the prior approval of the Vatican.

According to Vatican News, the change involves six Eastern Catholic patriarchal Churches: the Coptic, Maronite, Syriac, Melkite, Chaldean and Armenian Catholic Churches.

Catholics belonging to Eastern Churches without a patriarch continue to be under the jurisdiction of the Latin-rite apostolic vicars. On the Arabian Peninsula that mainly involves Indian workers from the Syro-Malabar and Syro-Malankara Catholic Churches. 

Until the change, all Catholics in Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and Saudi Arabia were under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Arabia, and those in the United Arab Emirates, Oman and Yemen were under the Apostolic Vicariate of Southern Arabia.

Because the vicars are resident on the peninsula and the patriarchs are not, the apostolic vicars will continue to represent the Catholic community with government authorities, the statement said.