WASHINGTON – The percentage of Catholics in the U.S. population in 2021 held steady at 21 percent in the latest Pew Research Center survey, issued Dec. 14.

The percentage of Protestants, however, dropped, while the percentage of "nones" – those who profess no particular denominational attachment – continued to rise, said the report, "About Three-in-Ten U.S. Adults Are Now Religiously Unaffiliated."

The survey results also indicate the proportion of Christians in the U.S. population continues to slide. A decade ago, they constituted 75 percent, or three out of every four Americans. In the new survey, that percentage is down to 63 percent, or five out of every eight Americans.

"Christians now outnumber religious 'nones' by a ratio of a little more than 2-to-1," the report said. In 2007, when Pew began asking its current question about religious identity, the ratio was almost 5-to-1, or 78 percent vs. 16 percent.

Since 2007, Protestantism has dwindled from 52 percent of all Americans to 40 percent, not quite twice the percentage of Catholics today. Within Protestantism, the percentage of those adults who profess evangelical or "born again" Christianity has shrunk by 6 percent; the number of those who are not evangelical or "born again" also has shrunk by 6 percent.
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The dip in the percentage of Catholics is less pronounced; it was 24 percent in 2007 and 14 years later is 21 percent. The Orthodox Churches make up about 1 percent of Americans, and members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints comprises 2 percent.

That the year-to-year percentage of Catholics held steady is likely a combination of "religious shrinking" – people no longer identifying as Catholic – offset by immigration, said Gregory A. Smith, Pew's associate director of research, in a Dec. 17 phone interview with Catholic News Service.

"Religious switching" also can come into play. "It is definitely more common earlier in life than later in life," Smith said, among "people who no longer identify with their childhood religion either as young adults or even before entering adulthood."

Prayer also has taken a hit since 2007. The percentage of those who said they prayed every day then was 58 percent; today, it's 45 percent.

So too are those who consider themselves "very" religious. Fifty-eight percent of Americans had described themselves that way in 2007. Now, just 41 percent do. The number of those who feel "somewhat" religious has drifted downward from 28 percent in 2007 to 25 percent today. But those who say they're either "not too" or "not at all" religious has more than doubled over the past decade and a half, from 16 percent to 33 percent.

The trend lines maintained themselves on the religiosity question even after Pew switched from a random-digit-dial protocol to find survey respondents, which ended in 2019, to its National Public Opinion Reference Survey, which debuted in 2020.

Smith cautioned against concluding that trend lines are accelerating, but said their progression is unmistakable.

"If I were to just drop down from outer space and (be) given only those two data points, I'd say that the results from 2021 look very similar to the results from 2020," he said. "But that's the value of having these long-term trends. We can look over these 14 years, 15 years, and we can see the trend lines moving very consistently in a single direction. We can say, 'Look, here are the long-term trends.'"

Thirty-five percent of Catholics say they go to Mass at least monthly, with Hispanics outpacing whites, 36 percent to 33 percent. But those numbers are dwarfed by the 46 percent of Protestants who say they attend services at least monthly.

Catholics straddle the halfway mark about how often they pray – 51 percent say they pray daily – while 48 percent say religion is very important in their lives. Of this 48 percent, 54 percent of Hispanic Catholics say this is true for them, vs. 41 percent of their white counterparts.

While a combined 29 percent of those surveyed profess no specific religious identity, the percentage of those who say they're "nothing in particular" (20 percent) is more than double the combined percentage of atheists and agnostics (9 percent).

The Pew survey interviewed 3,937 Americans who responded either on paper or online. Smith said it was part of a larger survey that asked about tech issues and political partisanship, but "these were the only religion questions on that survey." The margin of error for the entire respondent group is plus or minus 2.1 percent. Among the 860 Catholics surveyed, the margin of error is plus or minus 4.5 percent.

The Pew report "About Three-in-Ten U.S. Adults Are Now Religiously Unaffiliated" can be found online at https://pewrsr.ch/3F3Ix22.